ROV & RUV ，what are they?

The core challenges of underwater robots are underwater communication, intelligent control, battery life, and propulsion systems. When we talk about underwater robots, we're mainly referring to unmanned submersibles, which include two types: ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles) and AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles).

ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle):
An ROV is a robot used to explore underwater environments without a person having to be in the water. Controlled remotely, these vehicles can dive deep into the ocean, capturing images, collecting data, or even performing tasks like repairs or inspections. ROVs are commonly used in scientific research, underwater exploration, and by industries such as oil and gas.

RUV (Remotely Unmanned Vehicle):
An RUV is similar to an ROV but can be designed to operate in various environments, not just underwater. These vehicles can navigate and perform tasks autonomously or with minimal human intervention. RUVs are versatile tools used in situations where it's too dangerous or impractical for humans to go, such as in hazardous areas, deep waters, or remote locations.

In summary, ROVs are remotely operated by surface-based crews, offering lower levels of autonomy but facing limitations due to their tethered cables. AUVs, on the other hand, have a larger operational range but face challenges in battery life, communication, and intelligent control.